Windmill



(No Model.) S'Shets-Sheet 1.

M. T. & M. C. CHAPMAN.

WINDMILL.

No. 878,235. Patented Feb. 21, 1888.

W m W (No Model.) 3' Sheets-Sheet 2.

M. T. e M. 0, CHAPMAN. WINDMILL.

N0. 378,235. Patented Feb. 21, 1888.

man/em 01.-

(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

M. T. 8: M. G. CHAPMAN.

WINDMILL.

No. 378,235. Patented Feb. 21, 1888.

fizzxaufayar tries.

PATENT lllATTI-IEIV T. CHAPMAN AND MARK C. CHAPMAN,IOF AURORA, ILLINOIS WINDMILL.

EPFJCIE'ICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 378,235, dated February 21, 1888.

Application filed March 524, 1884. Serial No. 125,498. (No model.)

To aZZ whom, it may concern.-

Be it known that we, MATTHEW T. Gnar- MAN and Diana 0. CHAPMAN, residing at Aurora, in the county of Kane and State of Illinois, and citizens of the United States, have invented new and useful Improvements in XVindniills, ofwhich the following is a full description, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, in which- Figure l is a side elevation with the lower portion of the tower broken off; Fig. 2, a de tail showing the manner of constructing the wheel; Fig. 3, a detail showing the wheel and vane-support, and the manner of attaching the vane, a portion of the vane being broken off; Fig. 4-, an enlarged detail showing the position of the parts when the vane is thrown up to bring the wheel out of the wind, the wheel not being shown; Figs. 5 and 6, details showing the vane-stop. Fig. 7 isa top view showing the position of the parts when the wheel is out of the wind.

Our invention relates to certain improve ments in windmills; and it consists in the several novel features of construction and combination of parts, hereinafter fully described, and then definitely pointed out in the claims;

In the drawings, A represents the windwhcel, formed of spokes or arms a, strength enin g rims or hands act, secured to the spokes or arms by staples or clips at, or in any other suitable manner, one of the rims, a, being located near the outer end of the arms or spokes, and the other, a", midway, or near the center of the arms or spokes, as shown in Figs. 1 and 2. These rims or hands receive and support the wings or blades (0 of the wheel, which are attached to the rims, so as to stand inclined or slanting, as usual.

Bis the hub or spider to which the arms or spokes are connected at their inner ends by bolts, or otherwise. The radial arms b of the spider on their front faces, as shown, are each provided with a groove to receive the end of the arm or spoke, which is connected therewith, and these arms I) have a backward inclination which gives a corresponding inclination to the arms or spokes a, and the amount or degree of backward inclination is one that will bring the outer ends of the arms or spokes in line, or nearly so, with the center of the journal or box which supports the wheel, so that the weight of the wheel will be carried by such journal or box without straining the shaft.

O is the shaft or spindle, to the outer end of which is firmly attached the hub or spider B, and to the inner end of which is secured a disk or wheel, 0, having on its face a crank or wrist pin, 0.

D is thejournal box or bearing for the shaft or spindle G, which box or hearing, as shown, is formed of two half-boxes secured together by bolts (1, and when the parts are together the spider B lies against the front end, and the wheel or disk 0 against the rear end, of this box D,f. holding the shaft or spindle 6 against end movement.

E represents an arm, on the upper end of which is formed the lower half of the box D, and this upper end of the arm is provided with a lug or projection, 6, extending out sidewise on the rear end of the half-box.

F is a socket having a central opening of sufficient diameter to receive the upper end of the mast, to or on which the socket is so cured in any firm manner. The arm E projects out and upward from this head or socket F, and this arm is at one side of the head or socket, and is inclined so as to bring the hearing for the wind-wheel entirely outside of the head or socket and beyond the mast when the parts are together.

G is an arm extending out and having a downward inclination from the head or socket 85 F and located to have its center in line, or nearly so, with the center of the socket. This arm G,on its side, is provided with an opening or eye, g, and has in its end an opening, y, as shown in Fig. 3. The arm E, head or socket F, and arm G may all be formed or cast in a single piece or be made in separate pieces, bolted or otherwise secured to each other to form a single piece.

H is the slats or wings of the fan or rudder.

I is the post or staff of the rudder, which is connected with and supported from the arm Gr by rods h and h, the rod it being connected at its upper end with the eye or opening 9 of the arm G, and at its lower end with an eye, 7:, on the upper face of the post or staff I, and the rod h being connected at its upperend IOC with the opening 9 in the end of the arm, G, and at its lower. enjd'tq an eye, i, on the side of the post or staff. I, and farther back on such post or staff than the eye or loop 2, and this lower end of the rod It, which is connected with the eye or loop '5, has a loop, h, the opening of which is elongated somewhat to allow a certain amount of end-play in raising and lowering the rudder or vane. The rod h, when the rudder is down, stands at right angles, or nearly so, with the rudder post or staff, and the rod It stands at a different angle when the post or staff is down and the rod h is in a parallel line with the center of the rudder post or staff longitudinally while the rod It is at one side of such post or staff, and the result of this construction is that the rod 7; tends to lift the rear end of the rudder or vane in a direct line as the front end of the post or staff is pulled or carried down, while the rod h in this movement of the rudder or vane tends to draw its rear end over toward the rear of the wheel, bringing the wheel and the rudder or vane, when elevated, in parallel lines, or nearly so.

J represents plates bolted or otherwise secured to the forward end of the vane past or staff and projecting forward of the end of the post or staff sufficiently far to form an opening for the mast, the plates when the vane is in place lying one on each side of the mast.

K K are collars, each secured to the mast by means of a set-screw or otherwise, between which collars the end of the rudder post or staff moves vertically, the collars being set at the required distance apart on the mast for the limit of movement of the vane or rudder. These collars each have a side arm or projection, It, to which are secured the ends of a connecting-piece, K, the connectiomas shown, being made by turning the ends of K to form cars it and passinga bolt or screw, it, through the cars 70 and the end of the arm k, as shown in Fig. 5. The piece K maintains the two collars K K at the required distance apart and prevents one collar from sliding or being moved accidentally independent of the other. One of the plates J is provided on its forward end with a projection or horn, j, which, when the post or staff I is horizontal or down, e11- gages with the edge of the arm of the collar K and locks the vane to the mast, so that the mast and vane will be in line and move together, holding the wheel directly in the wind. As shown, the engaging-face of this catch or horn j is inclined somewhat to facilitate its withdrawal as the end of the rudder post or staff is carried down, and when this catch or horn is disengaged from the arm 7c the vane is free to swing around, and the wheel is also free to be carried around out of the wind.

L is the mast or standard which carries the wheel and vane. This mast or standard is made of wrought-iron, with a central opening its entire length to receive the pump rod or piston. This mast at its lower end is mounted in a suitable step, L, so as to be free to turn,

with the changing of the wheel, into or out of the wind. I

M is the pump rod or piston located within the hollow wrought-iron mast or standard L.

N is a slide or block located on the outside of the mast or standard L, between the head or socket F and the collar K, and havingthe required travel for operating the pump or piston rod M. This slide or block N is provided with a tongue, n, which enters a slot, Z, in the mast or standard L, to which tongue is connected the upper end, at, of the rod M. This slide or head N is pivotally connected to the lower end of the pitman N, the upper end of which pitman is attached to the crank-pin 0, so that the revolution of the wheel or disk 0 will move the slide or block N up and down on the side of the mast, giving the rod M the required reciprocating movement to operate the pump. The block N, having a firm bearing on the side of the mast, will not wabble or vibrate sidewise in use, thus preventing side strain on the upper end of the pump-rod and also preventing much strain on the pitman and crankpin and leaving the parts to operate with perfect freedom of movement.

The crank wheel or disk 0 drives the pumping-rod, and this wheel is provided with a brake for stopping the revolution of the windwheel when thrown out of'the wind for any cause, and also for stopping the pump. This brake consists of two halfbands, 0 0, each of which is attached, by a screw or otherwise, at one end to the projection e of the arm E, as shown in Figs. 3 and 4. The half-band 0 is arranged above and the half-band 0 below the wheel or disk 0, and the free end of 0 is sprung away from the wheel, as shown in Fig. 4'. The free end of 0 has hooked thereon or connected therewith one end of a link, the body .of which passes through a hole in the free end of o, and the end of this link outside of the end 0 has connected therewith one end of a rod, q, which'rod passes through a guide, f, on the side of the arm G, and through the eye of the bolt or pin 8, which bolt or pin passes through the forward ends of the plates J and holds the rudder post or shaft loosely connected with the mast or standard L. The rod q is held in its vertical position by the guidef and the eye of the bolts, and the, lower end of this rod q is screw-threaded to receive a nut, 1*, which nut supports the lower end of acoil-spring, 1", located around the rod at its lower end, as shown in Fig. 4, which spring forms a cushion to receive the force of the vane or rudder when thrown up and prevents injurious effects from such throwing up on the brake-bands and thelink p. The brake-bands are applied either in the ascent or descent of the end of the rudder post or shaft, or when the rudder is stationary, by taking hold of the cord or chain or the rod 25, attached to the bolts and drawing the rod q down, drawing down the linkp and bringing the bands 0 0 into con-' tact with the periphery of the wheel or disk 0, and by using a link, 12, the body of which passes through the free end of the upperband, the end of such band acts as afulcrum for the link to draw the lower band into contact with the wheel or disk. By using two half-bands, arranged as described, one band will act as a brake with the forward movement of the wheel, and the other will act as a brake on a reverse movement, so that whichever way the wheel may turn the braking devices will be i operative and act with the power.

0 are the corner-posts of the tower, and 0 horizontal braces for the tower-post.

I is the platform mounted on top of the post 0, and, as shown, the mast or standard L extends nearly the same distance above and below the platform; but in any event it must extend sufficiently above the platform to leave a clear space for the wheel in swinging into or out of the wind.

As shown, a rod, t, is connected to the bolt or pin 3, and passes down and enters aslot or opening, Z, in the side of the mast L, and to the end of this rod t is attached arod or chain, t, which passes down into the inside of the mast and comes within reach of a person on the ground or where the pump is located, so that by pulling on this rod the vane or rudder can be thrown up at its rear end, throwing the wheel out of the wind and out of use, and applying the brakes and stopping further move ment of the pump or other machinery which the mill is to operate.

The operation is as follows: The wind being a moderate one, the wheel will be held against the face of the wind by the vane, which stands in a horizontal position, as shown in Fig. 1, and in this position the rotation of the wind wheel, from the force of the wind through the crank-wheel or disk 0, operates the pump piston or rod from the reciprocating movement of the head or slide N from the pitman N. An increase in the force of the wind,ofsufticient velocity to give the wheel an increased speed and more speed than is required for the work to be performed, deflects the wheel and throws it out of the direct line of the wind, and such dctlection of the wheel, through the rods h it, partly raises the rear end of the vane or rudder, such movement being permitted by the disengagement of the oatchj from the arm in, which allows the wheel to turn the mast L independent of the vane or rudder, bringing the vane or rudder into proper relation with the wheel to maintain the wheel at the required incline to the wind for the wheel to perform the work required, thus adjusting the force of the wind proportionately to the force or work required to be performed, and this self-regulation of the relative position of the wheel and vane to each other and to the work required is proportionate one to the other, as required to suit the velocity of the wind. \Vhen the wind blows very hard or becomes a gale, such increased velocity will deflect the wheel and turn it around to lie parallel with the direction of the wind, turning the rear end of the rudder or vane still higher and swinging the vane or rudder around, so that it stands parallel with the wheel, to beheld deflected to the wind in a position parallel with the direction of the wind; and as the rear end of the I rudder or vane is thus elevated the rod :5 can be pulled down, causing it to act on the rod (1, throwing down the link p and applying the brakebauds o 0 to the wheel or disk 0, holding the wind-wheel stationary and stopping the further operation of pumping orsuch other work as the mill performs.

The advantages pertaining to the construc tion and arrangement of the parts, as shown and described, are; The wheel is eounterbat anced on its journatbox: and bearing, and its weight isearried by such box or hearing by reason of the backward inclination of its arms or spokes, which brings the center of gravity of the wheel over orin line with the center of the box or bearing, instead of overhanging theend of such box or bearing, as has heretofore been the case, thus relieving the bow: or bearing from the weight of the wheel. The bearing of the wheel is out-side of the mast while the vane or rudder is in line with such mast, giving the rudder or vane an increased freedom in operation, by having the larger part of the mast swing towardsuoh rudder or vane. The suspending of the rudder or vane from the mast by the two rods, one working in line and the other at an angle, and having the attachment of the vane or rudder to the mast perfectly free, causes the wind-wheel, as the velocity of the wind increases, to turn the rudder or vane toward the wheel proportionately to the work required and in an automatic manner. The use of two haltbands for the brake, having their free ends connected by a lever-link that fulcrnms on the upper band and is operated irrespective of the position of the rudder, enables the operator to apply the brake, no matter what the position of the rudder may be, and at the same time the form of brake is one which applies power both above and below, thus enabling the brake to act in either the forward or backward revolution of the wind-wheel. The mast, being of hollow wrought-iron,has the required strength to sup port and carry the wheel and vane without being large and heavy, and also enables the pump rod or piston to be located within its interior; and also by being made so much lighter it leaves the wheel more sensitive to the change in the velocity of the wind; and the pump rod or piston being operated from a block or slide working on the side of the mastworks steadier and with less vibration, and this slide or block also prevents wabbling or side play in the pump-rod and the pitnian, thus preventing straining of the parts in use.

What we claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is as follows:

1. The arm G and head or socket F, in combination with a mast or standard and a vane or rudder connected loosely with the mast or combination with the limitstop K K K, arm

G, rods h h, and mast or standard L, for allowing the rear end of the vane or rudder to rise a and fall to a limited extent, substantially as,

and for the purpose specified.

4. The rudder or vane H I, plates J, rods h h, means for enabling the vane to move on the pivots at the ends of said rods, and horn or catch j, in combination with the collar K, having an arm, k, mast or standard L, and a wind wheel for locking the rudder or vane in a horizontal position to the mast or standard and the wheel, substantially as and for the purpose specified.

The wheeler disk 0, in combination with the brake-bands 0 0, and 1ever-liuk p, fulcrumed in the free end of the band 0, for enabling both bands to operate on the Wheel in the direction of the power, substantially as specified.

6. The wheel or disk 0, the brake-bands o 0', and lever-link 1o, fulcrumed in the free end of the band 0, in combination with the rod q, and a vane or rudder having its rear end free to rise and fall for releasing and applying the brake irrespective of the position of the rudder, substantially as'specified.

7. The wheel or disk 0, brake-bands 0 0,

and 1everlink p, fulcrumed in the free end of 0 the band 0, in combination with the rod q, spring or cushion 1', and a rudder or vane whose rear end isfree to rise and falLsubstantiall y as and for the purposes specified.

MATTHEW T. CHAPMAN. MARK C. CHAPMAN.

\Vituesses:

W. L. TYLER, Guns. F. TYLER. 

